山东半岛东部滨海沙滩对台风“米雷”的地貌响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

丁咚  杨继超  李广雪  DADA Olusegun A  宫立新  王楠  王祥东  张斌 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(9):126-135

通过对台风“米雷”登陆前后山东半岛东部8个滨海沙滩地形地貌的现场调查以及一年后的重复调查对比分析了沙滩地貌形态的变化,并依据台风期间的风要素计算和评估了台风期间沙滩的沿岸输沙和横向输沙趋势,探讨了在热带风暴发生频次较低的地区沙滩的风暴响应模式和海岸恢复规律。研究结果表明,台风造成横向和纵向输沙量的增加和输沙方向的逆转是造成沙滩形态改变的主要因素,而在米雷登陆前的阶段横向和纵向输沙作用最为强烈。研究区内沙滩的风暴响应模式主要表现为侵蚀陡坎的形成和滩肩或滩面的侵蚀后退。与其他台风频发的区域不同,在研究区台风是一个偶然的强动力事件,因此台风特征对沙滩的风暴响应的作用更加明显。而沙滩剖面形态的作用,仅仅在耗散型沙滩上有所体现。此外,沙滩的走向是控制风暴作用强度的主要因素,并且与沙滩风后恢复密切相关。  相似文献   

Detrital zircon U-Pb age perspective on the sediment provenance and its geological significance of sandstones in the Lamandau region,SW Borneo,Indonesia     

Li  Shuang  Sun  Saijun  Yang  Xiaoyong  Sun  Weidong  Wu  Zhaojian 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2022,40(2):496-514

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The Southwest Borneo (SW Borneo) block belongs to Sundaland and is the oldest continental fragment of Borneo that is believed to derive from the Gondwana land....  相似文献   

Geochemistry of the Bafoussam Pan-African I- and S-type granitoids in western Cameroon     

《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2008,50(2-4):148-167

The Bafoussam area in western Cameroon is part of the Central African Orogenic Belt. It is dominated by granitoids which belong to the Pan-African syn- to post-collisional post-650 Ma group. Syenogranites are predominant, but alkali-feldspar granite, monzogranite, quartz-monzonite and quartz-monzodiorite occur as well. Four granitoid suites, biotite granitoids and deformed biotite granitoids with amphibole, megafeldspar granitoids with megacrysts and two-mica granitoids with primary muscovite and igneous garnet are distinguished. The granites can be assigned to high-K calc-alkalic to shoshonitic series. The partly shoshonitic biotite granitoids are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and can be labelled as a highly fractionated I-type suite. The megafeldspar granitoids are weakly peraluminous with I-type character whereas the two-mica granitoids are weakly to strongly peraluminous and belong to an S-type suite. Emplacement ages at 558–564 Ma for the two-mica granitoids have been dated from monazite by the EMP Th–U–Pb method.The REE in the biotite granitoids are moderately fractionated with (La/Lu)_N = 23–38. Enrichment of Nb and Ta varies by one order of magnitude. The megafeldspar granitoids show homogeneous and strongly fractionated REE patterns with (La/Lu)_N = 27–42. The primitive mantle-normalized element patterns are homogeneous with marked negative Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, Eu and Ti anomalies. The two-mica granitoids are characterized by low to moderate total REE contents with strongly fractionated REE expressed by (La/Lu)_N ranging from 7 to 59. The negative Nb and Ta anomalies are less significant. Nd and Sr whole-rock isotope data confirm different sources for the granitoid suites. The source of the I-type biotite granitoids was probably a juvenile mantle which has been variably metasomatized. The source of the I-type megafeldspar granitoids is characterized by juvenile mantle and lower crust components. Anatectic melts of the upper continental crust with variable contribution of lower continental crust or mantle melts can explain the heterogeneous isotopic signatures of the S-type two-mica granitoids. It is suggested that the melting of these sources was successively initiated by the rising isotherms during a syn- to post-collisional setting which followed a subduction.  相似文献   

Design of Full-Ocean-Depth Self-Floating Sampler and Analysis of Factors Affecting Core Penetration Depth     

《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(5)

The hadal zone(ocean depths of 6 – 11 km) is one of the least-understood habitats on Earth because of its extreme conditions such as high pressure, darkness, and low temperature. With the development of deep-sea vehicles such as China's 7000 m manned submersible Jiaolong, abyssal science has received greater attention. For decades, gravity-piston corers have been widely used to collect loose subsea-sediment long-core samples. However, the weight and length of the gravity sampler cables and the operating environment limit sampling capacity at full ocean depths. Therefore, a new self-floating sediment sampler with a spring-loaded auto-trigger release and that incorporates characteristics from traditional gravity-driven samplers is designed. This study analyzes the process by which a gravity-piston corer penetrates the sediment and the factors that affect it. A formula for obtaining the penetration depth is deduced. A method of optimizing the sampling depth is then developed based on structure design and parametric factor modeling. The parameters considered in the modeling include the sampling depth, balance weight, ultimate stress friction coefficient, dimensions of the sampler, and material properties. Thus, a new deep-sea floating parametric sampler designed based on virtual prototyping is proposed. Accurate values for all the design factors are derived from calculations based on the conservation of energy with penetration depth, analyses of the factors affecting the penetration depth, and analyses of the pressure bar stability. Finally, experimental data are used to verify the penetration-depth function and to provide theoretical guidance for the design of sediment samplers.  相似文献   

Partitioning of trace elements in co-crystallized sphalerite–galena–chalcopyrite hydrothermal ores     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2016

There is an abundance of published trace element data for sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite in natural systems, yet for a co-crystallized assemblage comprising these base metal sulphides, there is no detailed understanding of the preferred host of many trace elements. Laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry trace element maps and spot analyses were generated on 17 assemblages containing co-crystallized sphalerite and/or galena and/or chalcopyrite from 9 different ore deposits. These deposits are representative of different ore types, geologic environments and physiochemical conditions of ore formation, as well as superimposed syn-metamorphic remobilisation and recrystallization. The primary factors that control the preferred base metal sulphide host of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, Te, Tl and Bi are element oxidation state, ionic radius of the substituting element, element availability and the maximum trace element budget that a given sulphide mineral can accommodate. Temperature, pressure, redox conditions at time of crystallization and metal source, do not generally appear to influence the preferred base metal sulphide host of all the trace elements. Exceptions are Ga, In and Sn recrystallized at high metamorphic grades, when the preferred host of Ga and Sn usually becomes chalcopyrite. In more typical lower temperature ores, the preferred host of Ga is sphalerite. Indium concentrations also increase in chalcopyrite during recrystallization. At lower temperatures the partitioning behaviour of Sn remains poorly constrained and shows little predictable pattern among the data here. The results obtained may be used as a tool to assess co-crystallization. If trace element distributions in a given base metal sulphide assemblage match those reported here, and assuming those distributions have not been significantly altered post (re-) crystallization, then it may be suggestive of a co-crystallized assemblage. Such information provides a foundation for novel attempts to develop trace element-in-sulphide geothermometers.  相似文献   

深海化能生态系统双壳纲共生体系互作机制研究进展     

王敏晓  李超伦  李梦娜  钟兆山 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(2):522-536

双壳纲贝类在深海特殊生境——热液、冷泉及有机沉落生态系统中分布广泛,并且在其体内常含有化能共生细菌为贝类提供营养物质。双壳纲贝类与化能共生菌形成的共生体系对于其适应深海还原性生境至关重要。近40 a来随着海洋科考力度加大,深海化能生境的神秘面纱被逐渐揭开,越来越多的深海物种被发现,双壳纲贝类无疑是这些化能生态系统中的优势物种。在此,我们对常见的深海化能共生双壳纲贝类与其内共生菌的互作研究进行总结,主要双壳纲门类包含贻贝科（Mytilidae）、囊螂科（Vesicomyidae）、蛏螂科（Solemyidae）、索足蛤科（Thyasiridae）和满月蛤科（Lucinidae）,梳理归纳的内容包括深海化能生态系统的发现、“双壳纲贝类—内共生菌”共生体系的组成、共生体系的营养互作、共生体系的建立与维持以及对未来研究的展望。对这些研究内容的总结有利于进一步加深我们对深海特殊生命系统中共生互作机制的认识。  相似文献   

长江与黄河入海活性硅输送规律及变化趋势     

王昊  冉祥滨  臧家业  刘军  曹磊  刘森  马永星 《湖泊科学》2018,30(5):1246-1259

根据长江与黄河各一个完整水文年的调查数据,并结合历史资料分析了我国这两条大型河流活性硅((RSi,RSi=溶解硅(DSi)+生物硅(BSi))的入海通量及长时间序列的变化规律与影响因素.结果表明,长江与黄河RSi的组成存在显著的差异,二者水体中BSi/RSi的平均比值分别为0.22和0.49;黄河DSi的年平均浓度为长江的74%,而BSi年平均浓度却是长江的3倍.黄河水体中相对较高的BSi浓度反映了黄河流域水体浑浊度与土壤侵蚀程度较高,源自黄土高原高的泥沙输送量是导致黄河水体中BSi浓度较长江高的主要原因.长江与黄河下游RSi通量在丰水期、平水期与枯水期的比值分别为5.3∶3.1∶1.6与3.8∶3.4∶2.8,长江半数以上的RSi入海通量是在丰水期输出的,而黄河在3个时期的差异不明显.相比于径流的变化,1958-2014年间长江DSi通量变化主要是由DSi浓度的变化引起的,流域气候变化(如温度变化)是其浓度及其通量年代际变化的重要原因;而黄河1985-2001年间DSi通量下降是由于径流量与DSi浓度降低的双重原因引起的.气候变化,特别是温度的变化会对流域硅的风化速率与硅的产出产生重要影响,但其具体的影响有待进一步揭示.  相似文献   

胶东崮庄闪长岩辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

李杰  张丽鹏  李聪颖  宋明春 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1589-1590

  相似文献   

基于MPL神经网络的地震作用下砂土液化评估及预测     

杜星  孙永福  宋玉鹏  宋丙辉  赵晓龙  宋莎莎  王越 《工程地质学报》2020,28(6):1425-1432

砂土在地震的作用下会产生剧烈的液化现象,液化引发的地基失稳会对道路、建筑物、堤坝等各类设施造成严重危害。因此,地震作用下的砂土液化判别预测一直是地质灾害领域研究的热点问题。本文使用过去几十年发生在世界各地的166组地震作用下砂土液化实例数据,通过大量数据训练和参数分析建立了基于机器学习的地震作用下砂土液化判别模型。结果表明,当网络结构为6(输入层)-15(隐藏层)-1(输出层)、训练函数为Levenberg-Marquardt时,对地震液化预测效果较好,最大准确率可达96%。参数分析结果表明不同参数对网络预测准确率影响程度不一:锥端阻力、地表归一化峰值水平加速度影响相对较大;地震震级、总垂向应力、有效垂向应力影响中等;贯入深度对其影响较小。因此在不同网络预测精度要求的条件下,可考虑适当简化输入参数。  相似文献   

美国载人潜水器的应用和管理及其启示          下载免费PDF全文

史先鹏  刘保华 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(8):67-71

为促进我国载人深潜工作和载人潜水器的可持续发展,文章调研美国载人潜水器运营机构及其载人潜水器的应用和管理,重点介绍大学与国家海洋学实验室系统(UNOLS)发挥的重要作用,并提出启示。研究结果表明:美国载人潜水器运营机构主要包括伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(WHOI)、夏威夷水下研究实验室(HURL)和佛罗里达大西洋大学海港分校海洋研究所(HBOI),其中WHOI的载人潜水器升级最多和应用最广,而HBOI的载人潜水器下潜频次最高;WHOI的载人潜水器运营良好,而HURL和HBOI已不再运营,其中固定经费至关重要,技术和服务水平也是影响因素;科学家可通过UNOLS申请应用WHOI的载人潜水器开展下潜作业,操作过程严格、科学和有序,有利于装备资源的高效配置和使用;我国可借鉴相关业务经验,促进载人潜水器及其保障机制的标准化和规范化。  相似文献